MULTIMODAL HAPTIC RENDERING
                    Combining vibrotactile and impact feedback
                Realistic Haptic Rendering of Collision Effects Using Multimodal Vibrotactile and Impact Feedback
                    IEEE World Haptics Conference 2019 (WHC'19)
                    
                    ABSTRACT
                        This paper addresses the potential benefits of multimodal haptic feedback combining vibrotactile and impact stimuli for the target domain of virtual collision simulation. In this hybrid approach, we complement the limitation of each modality with the advantage of the other modality. We present the design of a hybrid device including both vibration and impact actuators and a physics-based rendering method for realistic collision simulation. We also report a user study carried out to comparatively assess the subjective quality of haptic collision rendering using vibration only, impact only, and multimodal (vibration + impact) stimuli. Experimental results demonstrate that our multimodal approach can contribute to critically expanding the dynamic range of virtual collision simulation, especially between highly stiff objects.
                    FULL CITATION
                        
                            Chaeyong Park, Jaeyoung Park, Seungjae Oh, and Seungmoon Choi. 2019. Realistic Haptic Rendering of Collision Effects Using Multimodal Vibrotactile and Impact Feedback. In Proceedings of the IEEE World Haptics Conference 2019 (WHC '19). IEEE, 449-454. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1109/WHC.2019.8816116
                        
                        
                    FIGURES
                             
                                                
                                                        Structure and processes of multimodal haptic rendering
                                                    
                                                 
                                                
                                                        Screen shots. (Left) steel ball–steel plate. (Middle) wooden ball–wooden board. (Right) rubber ball–concrete block.
                                                    
                                                 
                                            
                                                    Acceleration profiles measured from our hybrid multimodal device for three pairs of virtual objects. The three objects in Fig. 4 made a free fall from the same height, and the resulting contact responses were recorded.
                                                
                                             
                                            
                                                    Mean scores for three haptic rendering methods and three object pairs. Error bars represent standard errors. Pairs grouped by asterisks were significantly different by Tukeys HSD tests